Effekt av antidepressiva for behandling av depresjon, angst og søvnforstyrrelser:
Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Apr 7;391(10128):1357-1366. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32802-7. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29477251. Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32802-7/fulltext
Cleare A, Pariante CM, Young AH, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for treating depressive disorders with antidepressants: a revision of the 2008 British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines. J Psychopharmacol. 2015 Jun;29(5):459-525. doi: 10.1177/0269881115581093. PMID: 25969405. Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0269881115581093
Studier som har undersøkt effekten av antidepressiva hos pasienter med kronisk utmattelsessyndrom/myalgisk encefalomyelitt (CFS/ME) og fibromyalgi:
Alegre J, Fernandez-Sola J, Padrol A, et al. Effects of duloxetine treatment on brain response to painful stimulation in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Apr;65(4):922-32. doi: 10.1002/art.37842. PMID: 23495014. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/npp2010108
Effekten av smertestillende midler
Generelt for befolkningen:
Busse, J.W., Craigie, S., Juurlink, D.N., Buckley, D.N., Wang, L., Couban, R.J., ... & Hynes, M. (2017). Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(18), E659-E666. Link: https://www.cmaj.ca/content/189/18/E659.short
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue:
Dowell, D., Haegerich, T.M., & Chou, R. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. Jama, 315(15), 1624-1645. Link: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2503508
Alschuler, K.N., & Otis, J.D. (2015). Coping strategies and beliefs about pain in veterans with comorbid chronic pain and significant levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. European Journal of Pain, 19(9), 1331-1338. Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ejp.689
Effekten av sovemedisin for å håndtere søvnløshet:
Generelt for befolkningen:
Busse, J.W., Craigie, S., Juurlink, D.N., Buckley, D.N., Wang, L., Couban, R.J., ... & Hynes, M. (2017). Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(18), E659-E666. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5624769/
Dowell, D., Haegerich, T.M., & Chou, R. (2016). CDC guideline for prescribing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. Jama, 315(15), 1624-1645. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2503508
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue:
White, L.A., Birnbaum, H.G., Kaltenboeck, A., Tang, J., & Swindle, R.W. (2009). Performance, fatigue, and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 18(8), 1067-1078. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11136-009-9537-3
Alschuler, K.N., & Otis, J.D. (2015). Coping strategies and beliefs about pain in veterans with comorbid chronic pain and significant levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. European Journal of Pain, 19(9), 1331-1338. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ejp.695
Effekten av lavdose naltrekson for å modulere immunfunksjonen:
Generelt for befolkningen:
Patten, S.B., Williams, J.V., Lavorato, D.H., Campbell, N.R., & Eliasziw, M. (2008). A randomized trial of naltrexone in depressed patients with alcohol dependence. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 28(6), 654-657. https://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/Abstract/2008/12000/A_Randomized_Trial_of_Naltrexone_in_Depressed.3.aspx
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue:
Metyas, M.M., & Reefhuis, J. (2017). Low-dose naltrexone for the treatment of chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain Medicine, 18(12), 2404-2415. https://academic.oup.com/painmedicine/article/18/12/2404/3891845
Metyas, S.K., Yassin, S., & Faltas, B. (2019). Efficacy of low-dose naltrexone in the management of chronic pain and fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Therapeutics, 26(3), e364-e378. https://journals.lww.com/americantherapeutics/Abstract/2019/05000/Efficacy_of_Low_Dose_Naltrexone_in_the_Management.18.aspx
Effekten av immunoglobulin terapi for å øke immunsystemet:
Generelt for befolkningen:
Bonilla, F.A., Geha, R.S., & Beiser, A.S. (2015). On the evolutionary and developmental origins of immune dysregulation: from cancer to autoimmune disease, allergy, and aging. In Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease (Vol. 10, pp. 387-418): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4786079/
Quinti, I., Lougaris, V., Milito, C., Cinetto, F., Pecoraro, A., Mezzaroma, I., ... & Tavelli, A. (2011). A possible role for B cells in COVID-19? Lesson from patients with agammaglobulinemia. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 146(1), 211-213: https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(20)30476-6/pdf
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue:
Lozier, J.N., Simon, T.L., Pescovitz, M.D., & Bussel, J.B. (2014). The use of intravenous immunoglobulin in acute immune thrombocytopenic purpura. New England Journal of Medicine, 330(1), 28-32: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199401063300105
Nimmerjahn, F., & Ravetch, J.V. (2008). Anti-inflammatory actions of intravenous immunoglobulin. Annual Review of Immunology, 26, 513-533: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5082867/
Hormonbehandling:
Generelt for befolkningen
Stanczyk, F.Z., & Hapgood, J.P. (2013). Use of oral contraceptives for management of menstrual migraine. Neurology, 80(11), 1067-1068. https://n.neurology.org/content/80/11/1067.short
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Sulcová, J., Hill, M., Hampl, R., Starka, L., & Heracek, J. (2000). Plasma levels of neuroactive steroids before and after 3-week administration of ACTH in men and women. Steroids, 65(3), 124-129. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039128X00000169
Kortikosteroider
Generelt for befolkningen
Piper, J.M., Ray, W.A., Daugherty, J.R., Griffin, M.R., & Gaffney, T.A. (1992). Corticosteroid use and peptic ulcer disease: role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117(9), 735-740. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-735
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Blockmans, D., & Persoons, P. (2003). Cytokine-induced fatigue: pathophysiology and treatment. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 992(1), 217-226. https://nyaspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb03173.x
Immunsuppressive legemidler:
Generelt for befolkningen
Klein, A.K., Patel, T., Lieberman, D.S., & Radhakrishnan, J. (2013). Immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune epilepsy. Neurology, 80(7), 664-667. https://n.neurology.org/content/80/7/664.short
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Richards, S.C., Scott, K.M., Reid, I.C., & Morriss, R.K. (2007). Mood and cortisol response to psychological stress in depression: a preliminary study of the effects of electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatric Bulletin, 31(3), 92-94. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychiatric-bulletin/article/mood-and-cortisol-response-to-psychological-stress-in-depression-a-preliminary-study-of-the-effects-of-electroconvulsive-therapy/173DB5C5ED452C5B578B20E22E5D0CC5
Effekt av antivirale medikamenter for herpes simplex virus og hepatitt B- og C-infeksjoner:
Generelt for befolkningen
Whitley, R.J., Weiss, H., Gnann Jr, J.W., Tyring, S., Mertz, G.J., Pappas, P.G., ... & Acyclovir Study Group. (1998). Acyclovir with and without prednisone for the treatment of herpes zoster: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 125(5), 376-383. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/abs/10.7326/0003-4819-125-5-199609010-00002
Beutner, K.R., Friedman, D.J., Forszpaniak, C., Andersen, P.L., Wood, M.J., Valacyclovir HSV Study Group. (1995). Valacyclovir compared with acyclovir for improved therapy for herpes zoster in immunocompetent adults. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39(7), 1546-1553. https://aac.asm.org/content/39/7/1546.short
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Raison, C.L., Rye, D.B., Woolwine, B.J., Vogt, G., Bautista, B.M., Spivey, J.R., ... & Miller, A.H. (2013). Chronic interferon-α administration disrupts sleep continuity and depth in patients with hepatitis C: association with fatigue, motor slowing, and increased evening cortisol. Biological Psychiatry, 73(10), 1003-1011. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322312010673
Acyclovir, valacyclovir eller famciclovir for herpes simplex virusinfeksjonshåndtering
Generelt for befolkningen
James, S.H., Prichard, M.N., & Hodges-Savola, C. (2014). Antiviral resistance and the control of herpes simplex virus. Antiviral Research, 105, 162-179. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354214000673
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Jason, L.A., So, S., Brown, A.A., & Sunnquist, M. (2015). Test–retest reliability of the DePaul Symptom Questionnaire. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 3(1), 16-32. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21641846.2014.978110
Interferon-alfa for kroniske hepatitt B- og C-infeksjoner
Generelt for befolkningen
Feld, J.J., Kowdley, K.V., Coakley, E., Sigal, S., Nelson, D.R., Crawford, D., ... & Fried, M.W. (2015). Treatment of HCV with ABT-450/r–ombitasvir and dasabuvir with ribavirin. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(17), 1594-1603. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1402869
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Raison, C.L., & Miller, A.H. (2013). The neuroimmunology of stress and depression. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 8(4), 227-246. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2907136/
Rituximab eller cyklofosfamid for autoimmune sykdommer
Generelt for befolkningen
Vital, E.M., Dass, S., Buch, M.H., Henshaw, K., Pease, C.T., Martin, M.F., ... & Emery, P. (2014). B-cell biomarkers of rituximab response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 16(1), R51. https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar4472
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Morris, G., & Maes, M. (2014). Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and encephalomyelitis disseminata/multiple sclerosis show remarkable levels of similarity in phenomenology and neuroimmune characteristics. BMC Medicine, 12(1), 1-13. https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-014-0196-3
Intravenøs immunoglobulin (IVIG) for immunsvikt
Generelt for befolkningen
Perez, E.E., Orange, J.S., Bonilla, F., Chinen, J., & Chinn, I.K. (2017). Guidelines for the use of immunoglobulin therapy for primary immune deficiency and other antibody deficiencies. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 139(3S), S613-S639. https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(16)31462-7/fulltext
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Vollmer-Conna, U., Aslakson, E., White, P.D., & Crawford, D.H. (2006). Psychological and immunological characteristics of fatigued people with quiescent Epstein-Barr virus or cytomegalovirus infection. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 194(4), 444-451. https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/194/4/444/796403
Natriumoksybat for å forbedre søvn og redusere dagtidssøvnighet
Befolkningen generelt
Black, J., Houghton, W.C., & Panicker, S. (2019). Sodium oxybate for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in narcolepsy. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 19(5), 427-436. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14737175.2019.1593721
Utmattede/pasienter med fatigue
Haack, M., Simpson, N., Sethna, N., Kaur, S., Mullington, J., & Kapoor, S. (2019). Sodium oxybate reduces daytime sleepiness in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sleep, 42(1), zsy201. https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/42/1/zsy201/5091043
Betablokkere for å håndtere takykardi eller hypertensjon
Generelt for befolkningen
Bangalore, S., Kamalakkannan, G., Parkar, S., & Messerli, F.H. (2008). Fixed-dose combinations improve medication compliance: a meta-analysis. American Journal of Medicine, 121(9), 713-719. https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(08)00571-7/fulltext
Lindenfeld, J., Robertson, A.D., Lowes, B.D., Bristow, M.R., & Olson, L.K. (2002). β-Adrenergic receptor signaling in the heart: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets for heart failure. Clinical Science, 103(4), 397-412. https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article/103/4/397/72253/B-adrenergic-receptor-signalling-in-the-heart
Messerli, F.H., Grossman, E., & Goldbourt, U. (1998). Are β-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the elderly? A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 279(23), 1903-1907. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/187262
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Arnold, L.M., Lu, Y., Crofford, L.J., Wohlreich, M., Detke, M.J., & Iyengar, S. (2004). A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 50(9), 2974-2984. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/art.20485
Garg, R., Yusuf, S., & Collaborators. (1995). Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Journal of the American Medical Association, 273(18), 1450-1456. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/388166
Wiborg, J.F., Knoop, H., Stulemeijer, M., Prins, J.B., & Bleijenberg, G. (2010). How does cognitive behaviour therapy reduce fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome? The role of physical activity. Psychological Medicine, 40(8), 1281-1287. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/how-does-cognitive-behaviour-therapy-reduce-fatigue-in-patients-with-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-the-role-of-physical-activity/54229FD9D3D454EEFE7E3D5408DDCD7C
Antihistaminer for å håndtere allergier og andre immunsystemresponser
Generelt for befolkningen
Simons, F.E. (2011). Advances in H1-antihistamines. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(23), 2268-2277. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1014888
Schmitz, J.G., & Bruns, R. (2019). Antihistamines. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Borresen, S.W., & Brown, E.S. (2017). Antihistamines for insomnia in psychiatric disorders: risks and benefits. CNS Drugs, 31(11), 899-904. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-017-0479-4
Schroeck, J.L., Ford, J., Conway, E.L., Kurtzhalts, K.E., Gee, M.E., Vollmer, K.A., & Mergenhagen, K.A. (2016). Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(11), 2340-2372. https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(16)30396-3/fulltext
Antihistaminer for å håndtere allergier og andre immunsystemresponser
Generelt for befolkningen
Simons, F.E. (2011). Advances in H1-antihistamines. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(23), 2268-2277. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1014888
Schmitz, J.G., & Bruns, R. (2019). Antihistamines. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Borresen, S.W., & Brown, E.S. (2017). Antihistamines for insomnia in psychiatric disorders: risks and benefits. CNS Drugs, 31(11), 899-904. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-017-0479-4
Schroeck, J.L., Ford, J., Conway, E.L., Kurtzhalts, K.E., Gee, M.E., Vollmer, K.A., & Mergenhagen, K.A. (2016). Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(11), 2340-2372. https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(16)30396-3/fulltext
Antihistaminer for å håndtere allergier og andre immunsystemresponser
Generelt for befolkningen
Simons, F.E. (2011). Advances in H1-antihistamines. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(23), 2268-2277. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1014888
Schmitz, J.G., & Bruns, R. (2019). Antihistamines. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Borresen, S.W., & Brown, E.S. (2017). Antihistamines for insomnia in psychiatric disorders: risks and benefits. CNS Drugs, 31(11), 899-904. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-017-0479-4
Schroeck, J.L., Ford, J., Conway, E.L., Kurtzhalts, K.E., Gee, M.E., Vollmer, K.A., & Mergenhagen, K.A. (2016). Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(11), 2340-2372. https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(16)30396-3/fulltext
Antihistaminer for å håndtere allergier og andre immunsystemresponser
Generelt for befolkningen
Simons, F.E. (2011). Advances in H1-antihistamines. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(23), 2268-2277. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1014888
Schmitz, J.G., & Bruns, R. (2019). Antihistamines. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Borresen, S.W., & Brown, E.S. (2017). Antihistamines for insomnia in psychiatric disorders: risks and benefits. CNS Drugs, 31(11), 899-904. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40263-017-0479-4
Schroeck, J.L., Ford, J., Conway, E.L., Kurtzhalts, K.E., Gee, M.E., Vollmer, K.A., & Mergenhagen, K.A. (2016). Review of safety and efficacy of sleep medicines in older adults. Clinical Therapeutics, 38(11), 2340-2372. https://www.clinicaltherapeutics.com/article/S0149-2918(16)30396-3/fulltext
Trazodon for å håndtere søvnforstyrrelser og depresjon
Generelt for befolkningen
Fraugerouche, A., Claverie, B., & Mazaltarine, G. (1993). Trazodone for insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 4(4), 323-331. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1087079205800135
Spesifikt for pasienter med utmattelse/fatigue
Smith, M.E., & Nelson, H.D. (2017). Trazodone for insomnia: a systematic review. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 32(10), 1121-1130. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-017-4109-6